The Impacts Of Tourism On National Parks Tourism Essay

The Impacts Of Tourism On national pose Tourism tasteTourism is a growing industry, and whitethorn bring diverse impacts upon habitual locations. The impacts of tourism crowd out be positive or banish, affecting stinting, hale-disposed and environmental spheres in certain field of operations. Around the U.K on that point ar 15 field Parks with beautiful celestial orbits of mountains, moorlands, woods and wetlands (National Parks 2011). A National park is an bea of countryside nurtureed by brass (usually relating to the environment) that every mavin elicit visit. Different, non-governmental organisations to a fault look after the landscape, wildlife and assess impacts from tourism, serving to further achieve sustainability (outcomes of tourists). This includes the environmental Act 1995, which stated two principal(prenominal) purposes for National Parks in England conserve and enhance the lifelike beauty of the area and promote opportunities for the thought and enjoyment of the environment. National Parks as well as aim to boots the miserliness of the area and social well being for the topical anaesthetic familiarity (National Parks 2011). Moreover, in spite of politics intervention, impacts on tourism are still greatly snarl in National Parks especially in terms of (mainly) electr nonpareilgative impacts on the environment.The most famous and largest National Park in the U.K would be The Lake regulate. The Lake regularize area contains 16 lakes, to a greater extent than 150 high peaks and is the exclusively National Park in England with over four 3000 foot mountains (Ledingham, 2007). The Lake regularise attracts more than 12 million visitors every yr by the assortment of different locations and natural beauty (Wyatt, 2009). However, tourism contains the seeds of it own destruction (Weaver, 2001 p24). Mass-tourism can contract both positive and controvert impacts on the landscape and upon local communities.As much as tour ism brings many benefits to an area (especially for the economy), aggregated tourism is credibly to ca implement environmental degradation (physical, social etc) on many level. This is the argument that tourism can essentially destroy itself in the over-use of relatively small areas. Therefore, this essay aims to demonstrate and critically analyse the scotch, environmental and social impacts of tourism on the Lake District and to review past and express legislative measures designed to reduce the possibly forbid effects of change magnitude tourism in an area.Economic ImpactsThe main aims in developing Cumbria in terms of economic is to equip local authorities and partners with a commonalty understanding of local economic conditions and economic geography and of the social and environmental factors that impacts on economic growth (Cumbria 2011). This shows that The Lake District is a key show to achieve economical growth whilst fol impoverisheding the decree of sustain fit d evelopment, to act non whole needs in terms of area development, plainly besides to look for the correctly nuzzle for the community in general. As Park (2007) stated sustainable development meets the needs of the present without conciliative the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (Park, 2007).Latest entropy from Cumbria Tourism indicate that in 2009 there were 5 million overnight visitors to Cumbria as well as 36 million day trippers (Peck, and Mulvey 2010). It is estimated that these visitors mystify a total of 2bn to the Cumbrian economy and support over 32,000 jobs (Peck, and Mulvey 2010). Tourism is the main creator of engagement and economical stability in The Lake District, by creating tourist attractions and developing the infrastructure such(prenominal) as hotels, restaurants and different facilities. This creates a multiplier effect as appends in spending from tourists produces an ontogeny in the economy of an area. Moreover, this outgrowth in tourism in The Lake District serve wells to generate locomote for local population, however, this may create more low-skilled (and thus low salaried) jobs such as car park attendants or waiters and many of these jobs are also seasonal. Nevertheless, unemployment in Cumbria r separatelyed a plateau at just over 2.5% in 2008, though latest figures for October 2010 indicate that there are 7,525 applicants on handicraft seeker allowance which represents 2.4% of total working population (Peck and Mulvey 2010). In some depicted objects, this may be due to seasonality as more jobs are likely to be available during the summer months.The Lake District also generates much environmental interest in tourism. For example The Osprey has provided a formidable get ahead in tourism, and in 2007 attracted half a million visitors. Moreover, about 100,000 lot visit ospreys each season generating 1.68m, of which 420,000 was re- pulled in the osprey project (Kenmir, 2008) The Lake District projects protect the environment through tourist spending, which also boosts the economy of this crabbed area (e.g. creating parvenue jobs).Conversely, tourism can have a negative impact upon The Lake district. Due to the get of muckle visiting each year the local equitables are becoming more expensive because tourists are able to pay more for products (National Parks 2011). Therefore, this impacts heavily upon the locals as their salaries may not cover the costs of the products this may lead to locals resenting large tourist influxes. Moreover, low wages levels have led to a gap between local incomes and house prices the average in the National Park 314,730 which, as an mean, is sanely high (Lake District 2011).However, Government policy towards this issue is to balance environmental control and landscape capacity i.e. through constructing new accommodation and by meeting local needs by devising living more affordable (Moss, 2010).Nevertheless, as much as the increase in the amount of visitors in The Lake District generates huge amounts of revenue, a lot of this income goes in renovation and in protecting the environment from daily visits.Environmental ImpactsThe Lake District is one of the biggest National Parks in the U.K and the outstanding natural environment brings in over 12 million tourists every year, with many of the visitors being international. In early 1883 whilst The Lake district was being developed, The Lake District Defence Society was created to protect the region from damaging human development in an age of railways and the ontogenesis of mass tourism (Sutton, 2007).In recent years there has been an increase in the numbers of short breaks and off-season breaks in the Lake District, as more people take their main holidays abroad (LDNPA, 2005). Moreover, the visitors who are staying in the National Parks are seeking out different types of holidays and experiences (LDNPA, 2005). There has been a improvement in active sports, for ex ample water sports as shown in the case study of Windermere lake, however, power boats, jet skis etc. were causing constipation to the natural environment through contaminant of the lake and physical disturbance of the wildlife in the area. Therefore, one of the legislative measures put forward by the government was a 10mph encumber on the lake to reduce this disturbance and reduce the environmental impact upon Lake Windermere (BBC 2005). However, this had negative impacts on the economy of The Lake District. When the speed limit was imposed, demand of tourists visiting this reference decreased specifically for this reason (i.e. water sport activities were therefore indirectly abolished). This specific facility was a high source of income for this area however, by reducing the willingness of tourists to visit this place, it has decreased the income generated less income may result in less funding for environmental projects.Due to the main form of imparting of visitors to the L ake District being the car, with limited parking areas and spaces, traffic congestion and pollution from cars is damaging the environment (Foulerton, 2009). Car use, and other road transport falsify up the largest single part of carbon emissions within the National Parks, and these emissions are growing 1% per year (Foulerton, 2009). The local transport system is worthless which shape ups the majority of residents and tourists get around by cars. However, the overall aim in the Lake District is to reduce the need to travel by cars by up(p) the transport system (Lake District, 2011b) For example, buses have less of an impact on the environment e.g. such as Oxfords hybrid Brookes buses which comply with the Euro 5 standard (EC, 2010). This may be achieved by encourage services and goods to be available topically and reduce the need to travel throughout e.g. by promoting the public to cycle, mountain pass and use The Lake District transportation (Lake District, 2011b). Moreover, increases in parking spaces for tourists, as this can also generate more jobs. As an example from personal experience, in Zermatt, Switzerland, the government ordered a enormous car park rigid in Tsch, 5km from the Matterhorn mountain, forcing tourists to use train services to reach the location. Moreover, the use of cars in this area was banned in order to protect the environment. Since 1947, only electric cars without a combustion engine were allowed to operate in the Zermatt (President of the Zermatt touring car Board 2011).In addition the negative impact of tourism is damage to the landscape in terms of litter, erosion, fires and vandalism (Cumbria, 2011b). In order to protect the environment the government is increasing the amount of recycle bins place around the area and is setting up different educational events which promote good environmental practice e.g. repairing footpath erosion (LDNPA, 2005).Social ImpactsGovernment is reservation decisions and are improving the are a of the Lake District in term of economical benefits and environmental protection. However, all this impacts is experienced by the social community (i.e. people who actually living there all time, not just during the holidays). Therefore, Government outline on social inclusion, public participation and the new homework system or Local Development Framework are encouraging new audiences young people, urban populations and minority groups including people with disabilities, finding new and cave in ways for actively involving people in decision-making (LDNPA, 2005). This strategy would help local citizens to share their opinion and ideas on how to improver or what should be done. Therefore, the aim is to enable local residents and tourism business, to have a greater say in the development of tourism in their own area (LDNPA, 2005). This means listening more carefully and engaging people more effectively. This is an opportunity for everyone to be involved in the review of The Lake Di strict tourism development policies through the local development frameworks (LDNPA, 2005).Through the improvement of economic in the Lake District it has an impact upon the social community in negative and positive way. Tourism is a key attribute in the Lake District which producing a jobs to the locals. Moreover, economical benefits because of a cash- flow with in The Lake District area. However, principally it is low paid part-time and seasonal (Moss, 2010). In addition there is a lack of run short up businesses and business premises, due to the low-skilled job, employers have problems recruiting locally (Moss, 2010).Government producing education programme, which enables to deliver the second purpose of National Park in terms of understanding and enjoyment of their special qualities (LDNPA, 2005). Therefore, this approach helps to produce the jobs in terms of tour guide as well as lectured and day course informing tourists about the are and hereditary pattern of the National Parks. In addition, the potential for WHS (Worlds Heritage sites) is to bring social and community benefits to Cumbria and Lake District (ERS, 2006). If the economical target will be achieved and managed in the right way, throughout attracting the tourists to the WHS areas, these would results in social and community benefits, particularly in increase in the quality of life for residents (ERS, 2006).ConclusionThe essay has discussed an impact from tourism in the Lake district in terms of economic, environment and social. All the impacts are linked in order to stabilize each impact government is making different policies to protect the environment. Therefore, tourism is the main creator of employment and economical stability in The Lake District, in order to protect the environment the area should generate income. Moreover due to the 12 million of visitors each year The Lake District is developing in terms of infrastructure also through the tourists and projects for example The Ospre y it helps to keep environment protected. However, due to increase in tourism the impact from cars (i.e. emission) it has an negative impact in the area, therefore, making the better transport system with eco-friendly transportation may facilitate and encourage visitors to travel through the public transport. Moreover, in terms of social impacts and low-skilled/paid jobs due to seasonality, local community facing a problem to start up local businesses because employers, have problems in recurring locally. Therefore, government should invest and support local businesses to increase the quality of life for particular areas. In order to develop the tourism attractions and places government should find new and better ways for actively involving people in decision-making.