'Hod 1000 Mid-Term Study Guide\r'

'HOD grand Midterm pick push through Guide 2. 28. 12 Tips: 1 f atomic number 18 lecturing 2 K forthwith how they be applic satisfactory 3 Know Lemme 4 Take the test c atomic number 18fully …50 multiple choice questions a. Underline the measurable words like: i. â€Å"All,” â€Å"Nothing” or â€Å" no(prenominal)”Lemme * Look for feigns on winment * copys for transforming developing * Trait deterrent example * Be aw ar of what the 5 characters mean * â€Å"Openness” and â€Å"Agreeableness” self-importance-importance & adenosine monophosphate; individuality 3 things determine importance of Memories: 1 Frequency a How often several(prenominal)thing occurs 2 sequence 3 Intensity inner Working Model:The inside working feigning is how we view/what we guess just about ourselves, others and the instauration. It influences what we expect of and from ourselves, others and the world in general and strikes how we respond. It b egins to form as soon as we are born and is based on experiences with others and the outcomes of our efforts. An infant that experiences stag ab utilisation or neglect smoke develop a negative internal working model that â€Å"says” no one cares about me, I am unlovable, good deal who are suppose to love me to a greater extentover hurt or reject me, it doesnt matter what I do or say it is in importive or non good enough, I ant place deal as one time they are slight and the next time they are mean. and so on If this â€Å"model” of ego-importance, others and the world and how things work is non corrected the guide may be a child or adult that has low self-importance-esteem, is overly dependent or independent, overreacts to situations, sabotages relationships, jobs and/successes, gives up easily, etc. Or an infant that receives consistent, responsive, attuned nurturing from his/her caregivers is or so likely to develop a positive internal working model. Soc ioCultural Current ———— Beliefs ——†Goals ——— Strategies intent baffle ( impinge ons them all)Beliefs In: I. Self * Concepts * What you think of yourself as a livelong * Efficacy * Confidence in what you do * Esteem * How you feel about yourself, as in self-worth * The more esteem you hold anchor, the more efficacy you charter a bun in the oven * Not true, typically in the Afro-Ameri faecal matter tidy sum; based on discrimination * Strong in-group/out-group diverge can contribute to low self-efficacy II. Others 3 Domains: 1 All battalion 2 Groups of heap 3 Specific Individuals III. ball 1 Overall Views 2 Explanation of outcomes 3 Making sense of the world, making cause and effect relationships Goals 4 Domains: carnal social welfare a passion for safety, comfort and sport 2 Personal Competence b Desire for importee and success 3 Relational Closeness c Desire for friendship, love, and acceptance 4 Self-Tran scendence d Desire for meaning and a lasting contribution to the world, or whatever you deem necessary e [Mitch Albom (Tuesdays with Morrie) is deficient the Self-Transcendence] Strategies 4 populaces: 1 Affect Regulation a Coping with care, emotions 2 Inter mortalal Skills b combat-ready listening, etc 3 Problem Solving 4 assess Management Schema * This is how you organize data in the world 2 offices of using that cultivation: 1 absorption a Putting the rising entropyrmation into already- lively categories b Al federal agencys see to see over accommodate 2 Accommodation c When you have to swap your schema to fit the late information * Equilibration is * A sense of cognitive unity or balance * People desire this, to amaze (or keep) their frame in rove. If non: * Disequilibration results * The major florists chrysanthemumentum for cognitive knowledge; info inconsistent with our existing worldview disrupts equilibration, placing us in an unpleasant cognitive all ege (conflict, dissonance, inconsistency)cognitive Functioning Self-Concepts: * Closure * Permanence * Once you conception something out, you stay that course. * Urgency (associated with Permanence) Bio-Psycho-Social-Spiritual Dimensions of Goals MEMORIZE IT | Needs| Desires| Fears| Physical Well-Being| Safety & Security| Health, comfort, pleasure| Death, pain, suffering| Personal Competence| Esteem| Power, success, accomplishments| Helplessness, inadequacy, bereavement| Relational Closeness| Belonging| Friendship, love, intimacy| Rejection, engulfment| Self-Transcendence| endeavor| Generativity, service, God| Hopelessness, meaninglessness|From Lemme Equation for egoism: Self-Esteem = Self Concept / Ideal Self discrimination betwixt Reliability and validity (pg. 13) Reliablity * Consistency or stability over time * pull up stakes the results obtained be consistent if the study is done again, or are they influence by some fluctuating factor, much(prenominal) that we cann ot arrive at the same findings in all similar situations? * Problems with reliability must be stubborn in order to have federal agency in findings Validity * The degree to which your experimental results can be applied to external population Terms that bring together right awayly to things in lecture: * Looking deoxyephedrine Self * Take others’ perceptions of you to formulate your own self concept Generalized Other (p 78) * We begin to channel the perspective of society and its values and expectations in discernment ourselves; * Basically, incorporating societal standards into our sense of self Erikson’s 8 Stages of developing 1 Trust vs. Mistrust (0-1) 2 Autonomy vs. Doubt (1-3) 3 Initiative vs. ungodliness (3-6) 4 Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11) 5 Identity vs. Role Confusion (12-20) Related to one’s commitment to occupation, religious beliefs and political ideology and whether or not those commitments have been made after a period of exploration or crisis b crowd Marcia added the domains of gender-role attitudes and beliefs about sexual expression 6 mashiness vs. Isolation (20-40) c Developing capacity for be quiet intimate relationships without losing one’s sense of self d Dependent on the existence of a solid identity (previous stage) e In not headstrong, leads to loneliness and isolation 7 Generativity vs. Self-Absorption (40-65) A tending for future generations and society as a whole g Mid keep transition?? h Psychological origins are in adolescence and young adulthood i bimonthly longing for meaning and purpose that is outward centre and which occurs throughout adolescence and adulthood 8 Integrity vs. despair (65+) j Integrity refers to the ability to look back over life with satisfaction and little or no regrets i Acceptance of ending ii Saying goodbye to loved ones deuce-ace Finishing the â€Å"race” with dignity k desperation include bitterness and regret over life There is a sense of fear and despair as one approaches m 4 types of Generativity: Articles * why the Self is Empty * What does Media/Advertising suggest people use to fill up their empty self? †Consumption of material goods †Psychotherapy * Emerging maturity * Extending Education * Marriage Late * Increased Life Expectancy The Forgotten one-half · Who comprises the Forgotten Half? Coherent Life 1. Meaningful a. Goal domain: Self Transcendence b. Strategies: Increase Generativity (from Erikson’s 8 stages) 2. Comprehensible 3. Manageable I. Identity Development LectureCritical Models to see Alternatives 1. Bronfenbrenner’s Systems Theory a. In the Middle you have you, then the MicroSystem (tend to be Dyadic); next Meso, interaction between the domains (the way work environment strickles your bag environment, endorse versa); then, EXOsystem (things that influence your microsystems; might not have direct influence though); Lastly, MACROsystem: Society, how it has scripts, norms, b lueprints for how things should go 2. Levinson b. Know what the major stages are and their ORDER c. Although, exact age questions will in all likelihood not be in the exam d. adopt’t spend in like manner much time, initially, on this 3. Marsha e. airing—no commitment, no crisis, not acknowledging a occupation f. Fore closureâ€comittment, but not crisisâ€you’ve taken a value someplace else. This is the way things are. An unscholarly acceptance of a value or belief. g. Moratoriumâ€crisis, no commitment. You’re evaluating beliefs and values you have. If you want to keep them or find others. Achievementâ€commitment and crisis. You can be critical of beliefs goals and values without it affecting your identity h. 2 Forces playing on you are: i. Crisis ii. Commitment . Understand the characteristics of people in each of those stages; be able to place a described person into one of those stages and know how you can stir up them 4. Eriksonâ€⠄¢s 8 Stages of Development i. Throughout a lifetime, each person moves through the 8 stages j. faeces from one to some other is based on a crisis or a conflict; k. If not, you get stuck in that stage and can’t move on l. Arguments against it: iii. It’s infer m. Attachment Styles iv. <- —-Avoidant (Detached)——- Secure (distinguish)—†Anxious/Ambivalent [(Dif)fused]- -> n.Stress brings out one of these dickens undesirable qualities v. Securely Attached- rose-cheeked relationships, trust people but not naive about it vi. Differentiated 5. TRAIT Model p 67 o. Know what traits are chiefly about p. sovietism v. Individualism vii. Collectivism-Little individual thought, for the good of the group and not necessarily for the good of the person. Chinese Society viii. Individualism-Individualist Society. American Society ix. Fits into the MACROsystem section of Systems Theory Emerging AdulthoodDetached/Avoidant——Differentiated/S ecure—â€Diffused/Anxious-Ambiv. Family Systems Lecture 1. Life Forces: a. specialism: Begin independent, making yourself antithetical from people nigh you b. Togetherness: Fitting in v. Standing Out c. faker Self-Extremes: Detached, Diffused d. A rope of conditional relation of final stage and family relationships 2. Family Roles (Chart with lecture notes is great! ): e. Hero, First-Born: Fear of failure; over-controlled f. Scapegoat, second Born: Fear of rejection, shame, Wants to stand out from oldest, head for the hills to lean to the avoidant side of the scale g. mixed-up Child-Middle child syndrome, futile to express feelings, Witness the battle between siblings and parents, invaginate h. Mascot: Youngest, Hides pain with humor, immature, feels inadequate, Instead of withdrawing from strain, they try to ease it with humor, more than anxious ambivalent 3. Influences on Family System i. beam: Parents battle cry at you j. Indirect: Watching parents rallying cry at sibling k. Reciprocal: The way you affect your parents; influence never goes one way i. As you’re being yelled at by your parents, the way you respond shams your parents 2 Types of Anxiety . degenerative: Ongoing, Nagging feeling that something will go unconventional or that you’re just defame in general, Produced in family systems with a lot of conflict, Pushes you to either be fused or avoidant 2. Acute: Limited; normal, Will disappear with the not-so-serious situation, Ways to Bind Anxiety 1. estimable: Exercising, public lecture to someone, using reflective skills 2. Unhealthy: take in disorders, physical manifestations of symptoms (headaches, stomach aches) Highly Differentiated People: Secure, self-directed, Responsible for selfWhat is a Triangle: Basic way to look at a relationship is a dyad; but when instability occurs, in that respect’s a tendency to bring in a 3rd party. Using them, directly, to diffuse the problem is a bad thing Ways t o De-Triangle 1. Emotionally Neutral, Supportive, fighting(a) nameening, Facilitating Problem Solving, Encouragement a. Worse thing to do: â€Å"Oh, let me talk to them FOR you. ” 2. Active Listening, Paraphrasing, Repeat some of their claims back to them to help them understand, Probing, Asking questions to do a bit more door opening Cognitive DistortionsCheck Bainey for: · Listening Skill Clusters · Barriers to Active Listening HOD 1000 Review Session * Memorization and application * Achieved in their identity vs. centrally attached * How to apply the lecture material * Don’t spend too much time on ageism * Model for understanding development is more importantâ€trait model! * 50 MCQ * Look out for â€Å"not” * Underline important words: all, nothing, not * If talking about mom, maybe it has to do with attachment * rook 5 traits: what they refer to. What does bareness mean?Don’t need to know all 7 measurements of openness. What’s the d ifference between agreeable and openness? First 3 lectures, questions * Self and Identity * The Internal Working Model!!! * Socio-cultural * Current beliefs, goals, strategiesactions=Life birth * Past experiences-3 things determine importance * Frequency * epoch * Intensity * They determine how much previous experiences have a bearing on goals, beliefs, strategies. Beliefs=self, others and the world * Self: concept, efficacy, esteem Concept what you think of yourself as a whole, esteem how you feel about yourself/self-worth, efficacy is confidence in what you can do * More esteem, more efficacy you have except in the African-American populationâ€due to discrimination * Strong in group-out group bias, you can develop high self-worth in spite of appearance group, but negative stereotypes in environment and their impact on opportunities affects efficacy * Others: people in general, groups of people, individuals * World: overall view, explanation of outcomes (making sense of the w orld, cause and effect relationships, predicting/avoiding events) * Goals=physical well-being, personal competence, relational closeness, self-transcendence. Mitch is missing self-transcendence * Strategies=affect regulations (dealing with emotions), interpersonal skills, problem-solving, task management * Schema * That’s how you organize knowledge about the world. You have to compose all the knowledge you’ve taken in * Assimilation and accommodation Assimilationâ€Putting new info into existing categories * People prefer this/to keep things way they are. Equilibrium * Cognitive dissonanceâ€things don’t fit togetherâ€desire equilibration and order * Accomâ€change your schema * Self-Concept page 82 Out of cognitive function people seek closure, permanence, and urgency * Know the 4 goal domainsâ€needs, desires, fears related to them (physical well-being, bio, pscyho something) * Equation for self-confidence=self-concept/ideal self * Difference betw een reliability and validity p. 13 * Looking glass self and generalized other â€they connect directly to stuff in the lecture * Re-read the empty self People use media, advertising, etc to fill up the empty self, psychotherapy, goods * A coherent life: meaningful, comprehensible, and manageable * Strategies to conduct a meaningful life: generativty vs. self-absorption (Erikson) * Reflection, comprehensible (can you understand world close to you in a way thither’s peace) Lecture 2 Identity Development * Bronfrenbrenner * You in the middle surrounded by microsystem of informative relationships (any people you interact with on a periodic level directly) * Outside of this is mesoâ€interaction between different domains. Way you work environment affects home environment. Microsystems are interacting.Noisy roommate>cranky in class * Exo systemâ€things that influence your microsystemsâ€might not have direct interaction with. CEO and mail room person. * big systemâ €society has blueprints * Levinsonâ€know the major stages and its order * Unlikely it’ll be age, but who knows * Marsha 2 forces acting on you are crisis and commitment * Understand the characteristics of people hereâ€if you were given a person as example know how to place them * Foreclosuremoratorium. A biggish event could challenge their beliefs and they haven’t resolved it yet * Need to be able to move between models * Erikson’s 8 stages of development p. 48 Lemme Throughout life, each person moves through stages * Movement from one to another is based on a crisis or conflict * If you don’t, you get stuck and can’t move on * Critiques: it’s generalized, there’s no general frame for development * Attachment styles The strange situation experiment * Avoidant— just—-anxious ambivalent * Stress brings out one of these two undesirable characteristics * Securely attachedâ€healthy relationships/balance, place * Av oidant= disjointed, secure=differentiated, anxious ambivalent=fused * P. 67 trait modelâ€know what traits are generally about * Collectivism vs. individualism * Operates in the macro system Emerging adulthoodâ€why is adulthood emerging later in people now? * Extended education, marriage later, increased life expectancy, etc. * The forgotten halfâ€who are they? Why are they left, what are the implications * No trigger word for his momâ€always been that way means it’s probably a trait Lecture 3 Family Systems * What are the two life forces operating? differentiation and togetherness * Differentiationâ€being independent, making yourself different from people around you * Togethernessâ€fitting in vs. standing out * fraudulence self=extremes. Detached, fused * A lot of significance of close and family relationships * 4 family roles†admirer, scape goat, lost child, mascot Lost childâ€quiet, observant, inwardly focused, sees battle between hero and scapeg oat. Goes into it but doesn’t get involved. * Mascotâ€instead of withdrawing, they try to ease it with humorâ€probs more anxious * suck lecture notes * 3 kinds of influenceâ€direct, indirect, and reciprocal * Parents yell at you, watching them yell at your siblings, as you’re being yelled at the way you respond impacts your parents * 2 types of anxietyâ€chronic and neat * Chronic anxiety produced in systems with a lot of conflict and that pushes you to be fused or detached * Cognitive distortions! Over gen, mind reading, all or nothing * Binding techniques for anxiety Unhealthyâ€alcohol, drugs, cutting, consume disorders, headaches/stomach aches, ways you respond to anxiety * Healthyâ€exercising, talking about it, reflecting, taking a nap, * List of things that highly differentiated people are in the lecture notes * Need to know them! * Triangle * dickens people have a conflict and go to a third person to diffuse tension * Instability in that rela tionbringing someone else in to use them directly is unhealthy * 5 components of DE triangulating * Emotional disinterestâ€don’t take sides * Being accessary * Active listening * Facilitating problem-solving * Encouragementâ€resolve at heart the dyad * â€Å"let me talk to them for you” NO wrong meh * Paraphrasing and probingâ€repeating back what was said and petition questions * Baney listening skill clusters and barriers to active listeningJesse never calls home doesn’t want to explain grade triskaidekaphobic of disappointing them * Both chronic and acute * Which of these is not a way ppl try to bind anxietyâ€using drugs, over studying, hanging out with friends, alcohol,, no(prenominal) of the in a higher place, b and c * Answer was none of the above†Ladder of inference Race and ethnicityâ€difference in way Martia’s identity status is nonionised Healthy outcome for exertion of minorityâ€bicultural achievementâ€learning to adapt to different situations as a protective measure. Others should embrace equality and differences. Diffusion and foreclosuremoratoriumachievement mixed bag and identification * Automatic, based on stereotypes, includes a mental image\r\n'